What are the performance characteristics of basalt fiber

Properties and Applications of Basalt Fiber:

Compared to fiber materials such as glass fiber and mineral wool fiber, basalt fiber has the following advantages:

1. Good tensile strength and reinforcement effect

Basalt fiber can maintain its strength for 1200 hours under the action of 70 ℃ water, while glass fiber generally loses its strength in less than 200 hours; The tensile strength can be increased by 30% at temperatures ranging from 100 to 250 ℃, while the tensile strength of ordinary glass fibers decreases by 23%. The single fiber drawing test shows that the bonding ability between basalt fiber and epoxy polymer is higher than that of glass fiber, and it will be further improved after treatment with silane coupling agent. Therefore, basalt fiber can replace the soon to be banned asbestos as a reinforcing material for high-temperature resistant structural composite materials, rubber technology products, and can also be used as a reinforcing material for friction plates in brakes, clutches, and other applications.

2. High corrosion resistance and chemical stability

Basalt fiber has good chemical stability in alkaline solutions, with better acid resistance than ECR glass fiber. It has significant acid and alkali resistance while greatly reducing costs. Can be applied in fiber-reinforced concrete construction and civil materials. Especially in concrete structures such as bridges, tunnels, dams, and floor slabs, as well as in building structures such as asphalt concrete pavements and aircraft runways that are often subjected to high humidity, acid, alkali, and salt media, they have broad application prospects.

3. Good insulation performance

The dielectric loss tangent of basalt fiber is similar to that of glass fiber. Basalt fiber treated with a special wetting agent has a dielectric loss tangent 50% lower than that of ordinary glass fiber. It can be used to manufacture high-voltage (up to 250KV) electrical insulation materials, low-voltage (500V) devices, antenna rectifier covers, and radar radio devices. The prospects are very broad, and basalt fiber treated with a special wetting agent can also be used to manufacture new heat-resistant dielectric materials.

4. High temperature and low temperature thermal stability

Quartz glass fiber, which has heat resistance close to high temperature resistance, can maintain 85% of its original strength when working at 400 ℃; When working at 600 ℃, its fracture strength can maintain 80% of its original strength, while mineral wool can only maintain 50% to 60% of its original strength under the same conditions, and glass wool is completely destroyed. If basalt fibers are pre treated at 780-820 ℃, the fibers can work at 860 ℃ without shrinkage. Under long-term exposure to low temperature (-196 ℃) liquid nitrogen medium, the strength of basalt fibers will not change, making it an effective low-temperature insulation material.

5. High elastic modulus

The elastic modulus of basalt fiber is similar to that of expensive S glass fiber, and its strength is comparable; When used for weaving products with a weight of 150-210g/㎡, the weaving performance is good; It can be used as a substitute for S and other glass fibers to manufacture insulation products and composite materials, as well as to manufacture hard armor and various GFRP products. For example, using E-glass fiber to produce fiberglass pipes can only withstand 25 atmospheres of pressure, with larger pipe diameters up to 2 meters; Using basalt fiber to make fiberglass pipes can withstand 60 atmospheres of pressure and have a diameter of up to 3m. In some cases, basalt fiber can even partially replace carbon fiber or aramid fiber priced at over 200000 yuan per ton.

6. Thermal insulation and sound insulation performance

Basalt fiber and its products have extremely high thermal and sound insulation structural characteristics, with a higher sound absorption coefficient than E-glass. They are efficient sound insulation materials that can be used in the form of diluted felt or boards in public halls, as well as in the manufacturing of automobiles and ships.